NQR sensitive embedded signatures for authenticating additively manufactured objects.

Scientific Reports
Naren Vikram Raj MasnaSwarup Bhunia

Abstract

Automatic recognition of unique characteristics of an object can provide a powerful solution to verify its authenticity and safety. It can mitigate the growth of one of the largest underground industries-that of counterfeit goods-flowing through the global supply chain. In this article, we propose the novel concept of material biometrics, in which the intrinsic chemical properties of structural materials are used to generate unique identifiers for authenticating individual products. For this purpose, the objects to be protected are modified via programmable additive manufacturing of built-in chemical "tags" that generate signatures depending on their chemical composition, quantity, and location. We report a material biometrics-enabled manufacturing flow in which plastic objects are protected using spatially-distributed tags that are optically invisible and difficult to clone. The resulting multi-bit signatures have high entropy and can be non-invasively detected for product authentication using [Formula: see text]Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy.

References

Apr 20, 2005·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Yi-Qiao SongLauren Burcaw
Mar 8, 2008·Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC·K P RameshJ Ramakrishna
Sep 2, 2011·Accounts of Chemical Research·Chaoran Jing, Virginia W Cornish
Feb 4, 2016·IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics·Cheng ChenSoumyajit Mandal
Apr 4, 2017·Journal of Magnetic Resonance·Cheng ChenSoumyajit Mandal
Sep 11, 2018·Journal of Magnetic Resonance·Robert J CooperKaren L Sauer
Dec 23, 2019·Journal of Magnetic Resonance·Cheng ChenSoumyajit Mandal

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Software Mentioned

NQR
MATLAB

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