Nuclear bodies and compartments: functional roles and cellular signalling in health and disease

Cellular Signalling
Amazia ZimberChristian Gespach

Abstract

There is much interest in recent years in the possible role of different nuclear compartments and subnuclear domains in the regulation of gene expression, signalling, and cellular functions. The nucleus contains inositol phosphates, actin and actin-binding proteins and myosin isoforms, multiple protein kinases and phosphatases targeting Cdk-1 and Cdk-2, MAPK/SAPK, and Src-related kinases and their substrates, suggesting the implication of several signalling pathways in the intranuclear organization and function of nuclear bodies (NBs). NBs include the well-characterized Cajal bodies (CBs; or coiled bodies), the nucleolus, perinucleolar and perichromatin regions, additional NBs best illustrated by the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies [PML-NBs, also named PML oncogenic dots (PODs), ND10, Kr-bodies] and similar intranuclear foci containing multi-molecular complexes with major role in DNA replication, surveillance, and repair, as well as messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly. Chromatin modifying proteins, such as the CBP acetyltransferase and type I histone deacetylase, accumulate at PML-NBs. PML-NBs and Cajal bodies are very dynamic and mobile within the nuclear space and are regulated by cellular stress (hea...Continue Reading

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