Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitochondrial Dynamics/Mitophagy in Neurological Diseases

Antioxidants
Tae-Cheon Kang

Abstract

Mitochondria play an essential role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions for cell viability through numerous biochemical processes. To maintain mitochondria quality control and homeostasis, mitochondrial morphologies change rapidly in response to external insults and changes in metabolic status through fusion and fission (so called mitochondrial dynamics). Furthermore, damaged mitochondria are removed via a selective autophagosomal process, referred to as mitophagy. Although mitochondria are one of the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they are themselves vulnerable to oxidative stress. Thus, endogenous antioxidant defense systems play an important role in cell survival under physiological and pathological conditions. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that maintains redox homeostasis by regulating antioxidant-response element (ARE)-dependent transcription and the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes. Although the Nrf2 system is positively associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial quality control, the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This rev...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chia-Hung YenHui-Hua Hsiao
Dec 11, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Nan YangXiao-Yuan Mao
May 4, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Chen JunrenPeng Cheng
Jun 3, 2021·Antioxidants·Gerasimos P Sykiotis
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pierre LayrolleStéphane Chavanas
Aug 28, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Marcelo FarinaLuciano Saso

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase
ubiquitination

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Autophagy Networks

Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway that involves degradation of proteins and functions in normal growth and pathological conditions, through a series of complex networks. The catabolic process involves delivery of proteins and organelles to the lysosome. Here is the latest research on autophagy networks.

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