Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Breast Milk and Organic and Traditional Formula Milk Brands for Infants and Toddlers.

Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology
Gaia MeoniClaudio Luchinat

Abstract

In recent years, new formula milk (FM) products based on milk from farms that strictly adhere to the "organic farming" practices became available. However, little is known about the differences in nutritional profile of these organic formulae with respect to traditional ones. We comprehensively evaluated the metabolite profiles of FM with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Five commercial brands of organic and nonorganic formula liquid milk for infants (0-12 months) and toddlers (1-3 years) were analyzed, together with human milk (HM) samples. Proton NMR (1H NMR) spectroscopy mapped molecular characteristics of FM linked to different production techniques, and identified differences between FM and HM samples. We performed a metabolic fingerprint analysis using multivariate and univariate statistical techniques. A clear distinction is found among different commercial brands of the FM samples. In addition, several differences in metabolomic profiles of FM have been found in comparison with HM for the first time. Notably, it was possible to identify, both in the formulations for toddlers and for infants, metabolites that vary in concentration between the formulae produced with milk obtained according to o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 9, 2021·Current Nutrition Reports·Katrine Overgaard Poulsen, Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR
PCA
PCAs
the
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Software Mentioned

AMIX
DA
TopSpin
R script
R
OPLS
- DA

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