Numerical Investigation on Head and Brain Injuries Caused by Windshield Impact on Riders Using Electric Self-Balancing Scooters

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics
Shi ShangJun Xu

Abstract

To investigate head-brain injuries caused by windshield impact on riders using electric self-balancing scooters (ESS). Numerical vehicle ESS crash scenarios are constructed by combining the finite element (FE) vehicle model and multibody scooter/rider models. Impact kinematic postures of the head-windshield contact under various impact conditions are captured. Then, the processes during head-windshield contact are reconstructed using validated FE head/laminated windshield models to assess the severity of brain injury caused by the head-windshield contact. Governing factors, such as vehicle speed, ESS speed, and the initial orientation of ESS rider, have nontrivial influences over the severity of a rider's brain injuries. Results also show positive correlations between vehicle speed and head-windshield impact speeds (linear and angular). Meanwhile, the time of head-windshield contact happens earlier when the vehicle speed is faster. According to the intensive study, windshield-head contact speed (linear and angular), impact location on the windshield, and head collision area are found to be direct factors on ESS riders' brain injuries during an impact. The von Mises stress and shear stress rise when relative contact speed of hea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2020·Traffic Injury Prevention·Thaddeus J PuzioBen L Zarzaur
May 8, 2020·Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma·Matthew Y SiowWilliam T Kent
Mar 11, 2021·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine·Ophelie Lavoie-GagneWilliam T Kent
Oct 17, 2020·Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma·Matthew Y SiowWilliam T Kent

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MADYMO
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Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.