Nutritional and endocrine-metabolic aberrations in amenorrheic athletes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
G Laughlin, S S Yen

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that menstrual disturbances in female athletes are related to the metabolic cost of high levels of energy expenditure without compensatory increases in dietary intake. However, the linkage(s) between nutritional deficits and reproductive impairments as a result of slowing of LH pulsatility has not been defined. This study was directed to simultaneously characterize nutritional intake, insulin sensitivity (by rapid iv glucose tolerance test), and 24-h dynamics of insulin/glucose, cortisol, somatotropic [GH/GH-binding protein (GHBP)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)], and LH axes in highly trained athletes with (cycling athletes; CA) and without (amenorrheic athletes; AA) menstrual cyclicity and in age- and body mass index-matched cycling sedentary controls (CS; n = 8/group). Although daily caloric intake did not differ among the three groups, athletes (CA and AA) consumed less fat and protein than CS. However, the restriction of fat was 50% greater (P < 0.01) in AA than CA and was accompanied by increased carbohydrate (P < 0.05) and fiber (P < 0.01) intake. Athletes, independent of menstrual status, had increased (P < 0.05) insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels ...Continue Reading

Citations

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