OASes and STING: adaptive evolution in concert.

Genome Biology and Evolution
Alessandra MozziManuela Sironi

Abstract

OAS (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthases) proteins and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, gene symbol: MB21D1) patrol the cytoplasm for the presence of foreign nucleic acids. Upon binding to double-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA, OAS proteins and cGAS produce nucleotide second messengers to activate RNase L and STING (stimulator of interferon genes, gene symbol: TMEM173), respectively; this leads to the initiation of antiviral responses. We analyzed the evolutionary history of the MB21D1-TMEM173 and OAS-RNASEL axes in primates and bats and found evidence of widespread positive selection in both orders. In TMEM173, residue 230, a major determinant of response to natural ligands and to mimetic drugs (e.g., DMXAA), was positively selected in Primates and Chiroptera. In both orders, selection also targeted an α-helix/loop element in RNase L that modulates the enzyme preference for single-stranded RNA versus stem loops. Analysis of positively selected sites in OAS1, OAS2, and MB21D1 revealed parallel evolution, with the corresponding residues being selected in different genes. As this cannot result from gene conversion, these data suggest that selective pressure acting on OAS and MB21D1 genes is related to nucleic acid recognition and t...Continue Reading

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Mar 17, 2016·BMC Immunology·Jun YangLouis M Cosentino
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Nov 27, 2021·Science China. Life Sciences·Xiaoxue WangYinhua Huang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein folding

Software Mentioned

RevTrans
BS
codeml
PyMOL Molecular Graphics System
BEB
phyML
GammaMap
odeml
TrimAl
AutoAssembler

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