Abstract
Women have a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than men at a similar age but have an increased incidence of CVD and metabolic syndrome after menopause, indicating the possible protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic function. Although obesity is known to increase CVD risks, its impact on the heart on estrogen deprivation is still inconclusive. We investigated the effects of obese-insulin resistance on cardiometabolic function in estrogen-deprived ovariectomized rats. Adult female ovariectomized (O) or sham (S)-operated rats randomly received either normal diet (ND, 19.77 % fat) or high-fat diet (HF, 57.60 % fat) (n = 6/group) for 12 weeks. The heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) performance, cardiac autonomic balance, cardiac mitochondrial function, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers were determined at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Insulin resistance developed at week 8 in NDO, HFS, and HFO rats as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. However, only HFO rats had elevated plasma cholesterol level at week 8, whereas HFS rats had showed elevation at week 12. In addition, only HFO rats had depressed HRV, impaired LV performance indicated by decreased fraction...Continue Reading
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