Objectively measuring pain using facial expression: is the technology finally ready?

Pain Management
Thomas Richard DawesCharles Nduka

Abstract

Currently, clinicians observe pain-related behaviors and use patient self-report measures in order to determine pain severity. This paper reviews the evidence when facial expression is used as a measure of pain. We review the literature reporting the relevance of facial expression as a diagnostic measure, which facial movements are indicative of pain, and whether such movements can be reliably used to measure pain. We conclude that although the technology for objective pain measurement is not yet ready for use in clinical settings, the potential benefits to patients in improved pain management, combined with the advances being made in sensor technology and artificial intelligence, provide opportunities for research and innovation.

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Citations

Apr 12, 2019·Anesthesiology·Christopher W Connor
Jan 16, 2020·Sensors·David Naranjo-HernándezLaura M Roa
Sep 15, 2020·Der Schmerz·Wilco AchterbergKeela Herr
Feb 20, 2020·Pain Reports·Wilco AchterbergKeela Herr
Oct 20, 2020·Pain Management·Ricardo GovernoCharles Nduka

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
sedation
feature extraction

Software Mentioned

Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox
Facial Action Coding System ( FACS )

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