Occult hepatitis C virus infection and its relevance in clinical practice

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
Tram N Q Pham, Tomasz I Michalak

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can persist in the liver, lymphoid (immune) cells, and serum of individuals long after an apparently complete therapy-induced or a spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C. This essential asymptomatic infection, called secondary occult HCV infection (OCI), usually occurs in anti-HCV antibody reactive individuals with normal liver function tests. This infection has been identified when the nucleic acid amplification assays of enhanced sensitivity were applied for the detection of HCV genome and its replication. In addition to the secondary OCI, a form of low-level HCV-RNA-positive infection of unknown etiology coinciding with moderately elevated serum liver enzymes and progressing in the absence of anti-HCV detectable by standard clinical assays has been reported. Because of its undefined origin, it can be termed cryptogenic OCI. In this review, the general characteristics of OCI, the ways of its detection and associated controversies, and the potential clinical implications of its existence will be concisely outlined.

Citations

Jul 30, 2015·Gastroenterology Research and Practice·Bashar M Attar, David Van Thiel
Oct 20, 2015·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Reza Taherkhani, Fatemeh Farshadpour
Oct 14, 2020·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·Abeya A LotfiAhmed S Abdel-Moneim
Mar 13, 2021·World Journal of Hepatology·Mohammad Reza Hedayati-MoghaddamSanaz Ahmadi-Ghezeldasht

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