Occurrence and estrogenic activity of steroid hormones in Chinese streams: A nationwide study based on a combination of chemical and biological tools

Environment International
Bo YaoWeihua Song

Abstract

Steroid hormones (SHs) are continuously released into the aquatic environment through various pathways after being excreted by humans and animals, interfere with the normal function of the endocrine system and may affect the physiology and reproduction of exposed aquatic life. To conduct a nationwide investigation of the occurrence and biological effects of SHs in surface river/steam water in China, we quantitated 27 selected SHs in 217 surface water samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) tandem LC-MS/MS and used a recombinant yeast estrogen assay to screen extracts of the water samples for estrogenic activities. SHs were commonly found in the surface water samples, and their levels were typically in the ng L-1 range. Estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) were normally present in several to dozens of times higher concentrations than estradiol (E2) and 17-a-Ethinylestradiol (EE2). The high concentrations (mean > 1 μg L-1) of SumSHs were primarily obtained in areas under extreme water stress, specifically the eastern coastal areas. Source apportionment based on the profiles of the target compounds indicated that 54.5% of the SHs in target samples came from freshly discharged untreated sewage. The estrogen equivalent (EEQ(bio)) values ra...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 14, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Weiwei YuMinne Zhang
Sep 11, 2019·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Archie NgLokesh P Padhye
Mar 25, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Luke R IwanowiczJohn Abatemarco
May 17, 2021·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·E MirmontS Lardy-Fontan
Feb 14, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Ying ZhuAndrew Sweetman
Oct 1, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Yingxiao MaRuihua Dai

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