Occurrence and risk assessment of selected phthalates in drinking water from waterworks in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Xiaowei LiuJohn C Crittenden

Abstract

The first nationwide survey of six phthalates (diethyl phthalate (DEP); dimethyl phthalate (DMP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP); butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP); bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); din-octyl phthalate (DnOP)) in drinking waters from waterworks was conducted across seven geographical zones in China. Of the six target phthalates, DBP and DEHP were the highest abundant phthalates with median (± interquartile range) values of 0.18 ± 0.47 and 0.18 ± 0.97 μg/L, respectively, but did not exceed the limit values in China's Standards for Drinking Water Quality. These phthalates in drinking water were generally higher in the northern regions of China than those in the southern and eastern regions. Based on the investigated concentrations, lifetime exposure risk assessment indicated that phthalates in drinking water did not pose carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to Chinese residents, even under the conservative scenario (with 95th percentile risk). In addition, we found that DEHP contributed the greatest risk to the total exposure risk of all the selected phthalates and oral ingestion was the main exposure route for phthalates in drinking water.

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Citations

May 20, 2015·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Xiaofeng WangXueting Qiu
Jul 1, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Paulina SicińskaBożena Bukowska
Nov 5, 2019·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Wei XiangFangbin Wang
Jul 10, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Mahesh JayaweeraThilini Thathsara
Jun 20, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Cristina BachXavier Dauchy
Sep 28, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Rose O SulenticAnca E Gurzau
Mar 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Andressa GonsioroskiJodi A Flaws
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Pooja SharmaJau-Ling Suen
Jul 11, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shaojing SunZebin Zhao

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