Occurrence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: indoor sources and human exposure assessment

Chemosphere
Nadeem AliAdrian Covaci

Abstract

Due to worldwide restrictions on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the demand for alternative flame retardants (AFRs), such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), novel brominated FRs (NBFRs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), has recently increased. Little is known about human exposure to NBFRs and OPFRs and that their levels in dust have been scarcely evaluated worldwide. To increase the knowledge regarding these chemicals, we measured concentrations of five major NBFRs, ten OPFRs and three HBCD isomers in indoor dust from New Zealand homes. Dust samples were taken from living room floors (n=34) and from mattresses of the same houses (n=16). Concentrations (ngg(-1)) of NBFRs were: 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) (<2-175), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) (<5-1430), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) (<2-2285) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) (<2-640). For OPFRs, concentrations (ngg(-1)) ranged between: tri-ethyl-phosphate (TEP) (<10-235), tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TnBP) (<20-7545), tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) (<20-7605), tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (20-7615), tri-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate (TBEP) (50-27325), tris-(2,3-dichloropropyl)-phosphate (...Continue Reading

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Apr 12, 2011·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Nadeem AliAdrian Covaci
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Citations

Aug 3, 2012·Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM·Sandra BrommerAdrian Covaci
Oct 17, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Chen WangFrank Wania
Mar 5, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Olivier BlanchardBarbara Le Bot
Apr 18, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, Adrian Covaci
Feb 18, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Shuji TajimaReiko Kishi
Jan 10, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Golnoush AbbasiMiriam L Diamond
Jan 8, 2016·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Paola GramaticaAlessandro Sangion
Feb 15, 2015·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Nele Van den EedeAdrian Covaci
Jan 19, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Xinghua FanFang Wu
Dec 30, 2015·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Mohamed Abou-Elwafa AbdallahStuart Harrad
Jan 7, 2016·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Gopal PawarStuart Harrad
Dec 8, 2015·Environment International·Peder WolkoffPaul T C Harrison
Sep 14, 2015·The Science of the Total Environment·Jinjian DingFangxing Yang
Sep 29, 2015·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·H FrommeW Völkel
May 6, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Yan LinTong Zhu

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