Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and the Relationship between Protozoa and Water Quality Indicators in Swimming Pools

The Korean Journal of Parasitology
Shumin XiaoSike Hu

Abstract

A total of 60 samples were collected from 35 swimming pools in Beijing, China, and the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were investigated. The results showed that 16.7% and 15.0% of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, respectively, with a mean concentration of 0.30 oocysts/10 L and 0.27 cysts/10 L. The oocysts and cysts were found to have higher rates of occurrence in August than in May. Genotyping confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, and Giardia assemblages A and B, all of which were associated with human infections. The predominant species/assemblages were C. hominis and Giardia assemblage A. Analyses of the relationships between parasite oocysts/cysts, indicator bacteria, and physical-chemical parameters revealed that there was no correlation between 2 parasites and fecal bacterial indicators, whilst there was a significant correlation between protozoa and urea concentration, which indicates that urea concentration rather than fecal bacterial indicators might be an appropriate index for chlorine-resistant protozoa in swimming pools. This study provides useful information to improve the safety of swimming pool water and deduce the risk of protozoan infections.

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Citations

Dec 6, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Athena MavridouApostolos Beloukas
Oct 24, 2019·Revista brasileira de enfermagem·Marcela Maria de Melo PerdigãoPatrícia Peres de Oliveira
Jan 8, 2021·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Elvire Olivia Manezeu TonleuGideon Ajeagah Aghaindum

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
genotyping
environmental stress

Software Mentioned

PASW Statistics
Clustal W

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