Occurrence of disinfection byproducts in United States wastewater treatment plant effluents

Environmental Science & Technology
Stuart W KrasnerGary Amy

Abstract

Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of health concern when the water is utilized downstream as a potable water supply. The pattern of DBP formation was strongly affected by whether or not the WWTP achieved good nitrification. Chlorine addition to poorly nitrified effluents formed low levels of halogenated DBPs, except for (in some cases) dihalogenated acetic acids, but often substantial amounts of N-nitrosodimethyamine (NDMA). Chlorination of well-nitrified effluent typically resulted in substantial formation of halogenated DBPs but much less NDMA. For example, on a median basis after chlorine addition, the well-nitrified effluents had 57 microg/L of trihalomethanes [THMs] and 3 ng/L of NDMA, while the poorly nitrified effluents had 2 microg/L of THMs and 11 ng/L of NDMA. DBPs with amino acid precursors (haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes) formed at substantial levels after chlorination of well-nitrified effluent. The formation of halogenated DBPs but not that of NDMA correlated with the formation of THMs in WWTP effluents disinfected with free chlorine. However, THM formation did not correlate with the formation of other DBPs in effluents disinfected with chloramines. Bec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2013·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Mike WilliamsRai Kookana
Jun 4, 2011·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Qian-Yuan WuFeng-Yun Zhao
May 16, 2013·Journal of Contaminant Hydrology·Jennifer Weidhaas, R Ryan Dupont
Jun 15, 2013·Water Research·Stuart W KrasnerPaul Westerhoff
Oct 31, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·David HaniganPaul Westerhoff
Feb 4, 2016·Water Research·Ibrahim Abusallout, Guanghui Hua
Dec 27, 2015·Water Research·Gwen C Woods, Eric R V Dickenson
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