Occurrence of Togninia fraxinopennsylvanica on Esca-Diseased Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and Declining Ash Trees (Fraxinus latifolia) in California

Plant Disease
A EskalenW D Gubler

Abstract

Esca (black measles) and Petri disease (young esca) are two of the most destructive diseases of grapevines in California and other grape-producing countries. This disease is now known to be caused by multiple species of Phaeoacremonium including P. aleophilum, P. angustius, P. parasiticum, P. rubrigenum, and P. mortoniae. The teleomorph of P. aleophilum was confirmed recently as Togninia minima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Berl. (2), but the teleomorph for the other Phaeoacremonium species are not known. During the summer of 2004, plant specimens were collected from declining ash trees surrounding vineyards as well as from grapevines that were showing typical symptoms of esca including the presence of purple-to-brown spots on berries and necrosis between the veins and on margins of leaves. The specimens were cut into small pieces (15 cm), placed in plastic bags, and thoroughly sprayed with 50 ml of sterile distilled water. The specimens were soaked in water for 10 min at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Plant materials were then removed from the water and air dried under a laminar flow hood for future examination. Each wash solution was passed through 5.0- and 0.45-μm filters attached to a sterile 35-ml syringe. The 5-μm filters removed large ...Continue Reading

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