Occurrence, Risk Factors, Prognosis and Prevention of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Oedema: a Systematic Review

Sports Medicine - Open
Sarah SpencerLindsay Forbes

Abstract

Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) can affect people with no underlying health problems, but may be life threatening and is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on SIPE incidence, prevalence, risk factors, short- and long-term outcomes, recurrence and effectiveness of interventions to prevent recurrences. We carried out a literature search using bibliographic databases and reference lists. Risk of bias was assessed by adapting existing quality assessment tools including those developed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative synthesis was not possible because of study heterogeneity. Five studies, which differed from each other in case definition, swimming environment, population characteristics and denominators, reported an incidence of 0.01% of UK triathlons raced over 5 years in unspecified swimming environments (one study, not fully reported, of men and women of unspecified age); 0.5% of river races swum over 3 days in Sweden (one study, of men and women up to the age of 70); and 1.8-26.7% of time trials in the sea around Israel (three studies of male teenage military trainees). One study reported that 1.4% of t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 14, 2020·Seminars in Dialysis·Nobuhisa MorimotoHiroyuki Tanaka
Nov 21, 2018·Sports Medicine - Open·James H Hull, Mathew G Wilson
May 21, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Iker GarcíaGinés Viscor
Nov 5, 2020·The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness·Iker GarcíaGinés Viscor

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