Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Pre-HAART Versus the HAART Era in the North Indian Population

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
Aniruddha AgarwalMangat R Dogra

Abstract

To compare changes in the demographic profile and ocular manifestations in patients with HIV in the pre-HAART and HAART era in North India. In this single-center cross-sectional study, 100 HIV patients receiving HAART and 96 HIV patients in the pre-HAART era were enrolled. Prevalence of ocular manifestations of HIV was calculated for both cohorts. The prevalence of ocular manifestations was not statistically different in the two eras (38%, SE: 4.85% in HAART era; 41.67%, SE: 5% in pre-HAART era) (p = 0.60). Mean CD4 counts were lower in the pre-HAART era compared with the HAART era (p < 0.001). In the HAART era, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and HIV retinopathy continued to remain the most common infectious and non-infectious cause of visual morbidity. While the introduction of HAART has resulted in a major impact on the overall health of patients with HIV, the spectrum of ocular disease remains largely unchanged in developing countries such as India.

References

Oct 24, 1997·Archives of Ophthalmology·S Lewallen, P Courtright
Jan 5, 2000·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·M A JacobsonE T Cunningham
Nov 21, 2002·Current Opinion in Ophthalmology·Haroldo V Moraes
Jul 3, 2004·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·I YustUNKNOWN EuroSIDA
Jul 14, 2004·Archives of Ophthalmology·Douglas A Jabs
Dec 29, 2004·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Salil Mehta
Jul 16, 2005·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Günal KahramanIrene Dejaco-Ruhswurm
Jan 11, 2007·Ophthalmology·Douglas A JabsUNKNOWN Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
Jan 30, 2007·Ophthalmology·Douglas A JabsUNKNOWN Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
Dec 7, 2007·PLoS Medicine·David HeidenW Lawrence Drew
Jan 29, 2008·Ophthalmic Research·Jian WangJost B Jonas
Jul 12, 2011·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Janet T HolbrookUNKNOWN Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Research Group
Feb 9, 2012·The Indian Journal of Medical Research·N KumarasamySanjay Pujari
Mar 3, 2012·The Indian Journal of Medical Research·Anju Sharma
Jul 11, 2012·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Sunil GanekalAshwini Nagarajappa
Mar 22, 2013·Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection·Sridharan SudharshanJyotirmay Biswas
Aug 1, 2013·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Nathan FordDavid Heiden
Aug 5, 2014·Mediators of Inflammation·Beata UrbanMarta Michalczuk
Jan 2, 2015·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·David HeidenPeter Saranchuk
Jan 21, 2015·Ophthalmology·Douglas A JabsUNKNOWN Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
Apr 22, 2015·Ophthalmology·Douglas A JabsUNKNOWN Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 20, 2017·Current Infectious Disease Reports·Michael W Stewart
Nov 6, 2018·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Simar Rajan SinghRamandeep Singh
Sep 10, 2018·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·David HeidenW Lawrence Drew
May 13, 2020·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Remco P H PetersJohn H Kempen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.