Ocular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications of Recent Clinical Trials

International Journal of Clinical Research & Trials
Manjeet S BhamraIsabel M McFarlane

Abstract

While rheumatoid arthritis (RA) typically presents with synovitis of the small and medium joints of the hands, ocular manifestations of the disease are generally overlooked and largely underdiagnosed. These complications usually present in longstanding RA population and occasionally represents the first manifestation of the disease and generally affect the anterior chamber of the eye, leading to keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis and anterior uveitis. In this review, we present the current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms for ocular disease in RA, including the role of oxidative stress, cytokine imbalance, chronic inflammation, vascular permeability, immune complex deposition and the role of T-cells as well as the contribution of tear hyperosmolarity among other factors. We also discuss the clinical presentation and diagnosis of each of the ocular disease entities highlighting the latest strategies in the management of this serious disorders that could potentially lead to blindness and the implications of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials in the field. While RA disease control is the cornerstone in the management of RA-associated ocular manifestation...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 10, 2020·Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Young SeolBrett P Bielory
Apr 18, 2021·Clinical Rheumatology·Meriem OuederniMonia Cheour

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