Ocular penetration of pilocarpine in rabbits.

Archives of Ophthalmology
K Green, S J Downs

Abstract

Aqueous humor pilocarpine hydrochloride concentration was measured at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after instillation in the rabbit eye of a radioactively labeled 2% pilocarpine solution in various vehicles. Maximum concentrations were found with a vehicle containing 1.67% polyvinylpyrrolidone and other water-soluble polymers (Adsorbotears) and 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. These produced pilocarpine concentrations during the first two hours after administration three times greater than those found with either saline, 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol, or 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Benzalkonium chloride, 0.01%, enhanced pilocarpine penetration into the aqueous by as much as 50% at all time intervals. The vehicle viscosity was unrelated to efficacy of pilocarpine penetration into the aqueous. The equally effective 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Adsorbotears have viscosities of 112 and 20 centistokes, respectively, while 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (13 centistokes), 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol (3 centistokes), and sodium chloride solution (0.85 centistokes) are much less efficacious.

Citations

May 15, 1989·American Journal of Ophthalmology·M B SöderströmW Thorburn
Jun 20, 2008·AAPS PharmSciTech·Ghada Abdelbary, Nashwa El-Gendy
Dec 31, 2003·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Indu P KaurDeepika Aggarwal
Apr 27, 2002·European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V·Pascal FurrerRobert Gurny
Jan 1, 1983·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·L SalminenM Juslin
Jan 1, 1981·Current Eye Research·K A Bowman, K Green
Mar 1, 1984·Current Eye Research·J B RobinD J Schanzlin
Jan 1, 1982·Survey of Ophthalmology·J W Shell
Jan 1, 1980·Nursing Forum·B J Bohny
Jul 6, 2014·BioMed Research International·Ranjan Ku SahooKetousetuo Kuotsu
Feb 1, 1977·Experimental Eye Research·K GreenK Bowman
Sep 16, 2008·Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Indu Pal KaurHarinder Singh
Jan 31, 1978·Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht Von Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology·U Mayer, G Dengler
Jun 1, 1986·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·I ZakiC G Wilson
Jun 17, 2021·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Bwalya A WitikaPedzisai A Makoni

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.