Ocular Tolerance of Contemporary Electronic Display Devices

Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging Retina
Andrew J ClarkAndrew A Moshfeghi

Abstract

Electronic displays have become an integral part of life in the developed world since the revolution of mobile computing a decade ago. With the release of multiple consumer-grade virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) products in the past 2 years utilizing head-mounted displays (HMDs), as well as the development of low-cost, smartphone-based HMDs, the ability to intimately interact with electronic screens is greater than ever. VR/AR HMDs also place the display at much closer ocular proximity than traditional electronic devices while also isolating the user from the ambient environment to create a "closed" system between the user's eyes and the display. Whether the increased interaction with these devices places the user's retina at higher risk of damage is currently unclear. Herein, the authors review the discovery of photochemical damage of the retina from visible light as well as summarize relevant clinical and preclinical data regarding the influence of modern display devices on retinal health. Multiple preclinical studies have been performed with modern light-emitting diode technology demonstrating damage to the retina at modest exposure levels, particularly from blue-light wavelengths. Unfortunately, high-quality ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 30, 2019·Chinese Medical Journal·Xu-Dong HuangJie Zhang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

PlayStation
DisplayMate
Vive
HoloLens
Flux
lux

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