Olfactory impairment and traumatic brain injury in blast-injured combat troops: a cohort study

Neurology
Michael S XydakisLeonardo Belluscio

Abstract

To determine whether a structured and quantitative assessment of differential olfactory performance-recognized between a blast-injured traumatic brain injury (TBI) group and a demographically comparable blast-injured control group-can serve as a reliable antecedent marker for preclinical detection of intracranial neurotrauma. We prospectively and consecutively enrolled 231 polytrauma inpatients, acutely injured from explosions during combat operations in either Afghanistan or Iraq and requiring immediate stateside evacuation and sequential admission to our tertiary care medical center over a 2½-year period. This study correlates olfactometric scores with both contemporaneous neuroimaging findings as well as the clinical diagnosis of TBI, tabulates population-specific incidence data, and investigates return of olfactory function. Olfactometric score predicted abnormal neuroimaging significantly better than chance alone (area under the curve = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.87). Normosmia was present in all troops with mild TBI (i.e., concussion) and all control subjects. Troops with radiographic evidence of frontal lobe injuries were 3 times more likely to have olfactory impairment than troops with injuries to other b...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 20, 2016·Journal of Neurotrauma·Michael L AloscoRobert A Stern
Jan 12, 2017·Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy·Ateeq Mubarik, Hassaan Tohid
Jun 7, 2018·Brain Injury : [BI]·Rajiv SinghSaurabh Sinha
Dec 10, 2017·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Elizabeth FievisohnPamela VandeVord
Jul 1, 2017·Neurology·Marie-Elyse Lafaille-MagnanUNKNOWN PREVENT-AD Research Group
Sep 29, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Nattakarn LimphaiboolBarbara Maciejewska
Aug 3, 2021·Lancet Neurology·Michael S XydakisStanley Perlman

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brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.

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