Olfactory threshold and odor discrimination ability in children - evaluation of a modified "Sniffin' Sticks" test

Scientific Reports
Janine GellrichV A Schriever

Abstract

The clinical diagnostics of olfactory dysfunction in children turns out to be challenging due to low attention span, insufficient linguistic development and lack of odor experiences. Several smell tests have been developed for adults. Most of these examinations take a relatively long time and require a high level of concentration. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate an odor discrimination and olfactory threshold test using the frequently used "Sniffin' Sticks" in children and adolescents in a simplified two-alternative-forced-choice version (2AFC) and compare it to the original three-alternative-forced-choice test (3AFC). One-hundred-twenty-one healthy participants aged between 5 and 17 years took part in this study. Within each of the two sessions participants underwent olfactory testing using the modified 2AFC as well as the standard 3AFC method. A better test-retest reliability was achieved using the original 3AFC method compared to the modified 2AFC. This was true for the odor discrimination as well as the olfactory threshold. Age had a significant influence on both tests, which should be considered when testing young children. We discuss these findings with relation to the existing norms and recommend u...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 2, 2019·European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·Christian Calvo-HenríquezAna Faraldo-García
Dec 17, 2018·European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·A OleszkiewiczThomas Hummel
Apr 19, 2018·Medicine·Guowei ChenZebin Wu
Jul 28, 2020·Pediatric Research·Valentin A SchrieverThomas Hummel
May 31, 2019·European Journal of Pediatrics·Janine GellrichValentin A Schriever
Aug 26, 2020·Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·Youn Ho ShinMan Yong Han
Oct 30, 2020·Chemical Senses·Janine GellrichValentin A Schriever
Mar 14, 2021·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Janine GellrichValentin A Schriever
Jul 9, 2021·Chemical Senses·Janine GellrichValentin A Schriever

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