PMID: 9664725Jul 17, 1998Paper

On summarizing group exposures in risk assessment: is an arithmetic mean or a geometric mean more appropriate?

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
K S Crump

Abstract

Since substantial bias can result from assigning some type of mean exposure to a group, risk assessments based on epidemiological data should avoid the grouping of data whenever possible. However, ungrouped data are frequently unavailable, and the question arises as to whether an arithmetic or geometric mean is the most appropriate summary measure of exposure. It is argued in this paper that one should use the type of mean for which the total risk that would result if every member of the population was exposed to the mean level is as close as possible to the actual total population risk. Using this criterion an arithmetic mean is always preferred over a geometric mean whenever the dose response is convex. In each of several data sets examined in this paper for which the dose response was not convex, an arithmetic mean was still preferred based on this criterion.

References

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Oct 1, 1984·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·K S Crump
Aug 1, 1995·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·K CrumpA Shipp
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Citations

May 3, 2005·Water Research·David F ParkhurstLarry J Wymer
May 1, 2009·Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience·A J A VintenN J C Strachan
Aug 29, 2013·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·J SahmelD Paustenbach
Jan 28, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·D M ProctorD J Paustenbach
Oct 20, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Pamela R D WilliamsDennis J Paustenbach
Jul 16, 2005·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Pamela R D Williams, Dennis J Paustenbach
Jul 27, 2007·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Joseph D BowmanMichael G Yost
May 9, 2008·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Mary BaldwinDonna Mergler
Oct 23, 2013·Particle and Fibre Toxicology·Aaron ErdelyMary K Schubauer-Berigan
Mar 8, 2000·Environmental Health Perspectives·K S CrumpT W Clarkson
Oct 13, 2006·Environmental Health Perspectives·Leeka KheifetsRiti Shimkhada
Aug 21, 2013·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·Marie-Hélène BourgaultMathieu Valcke
Mar 11, 2000·Drug and Chemical Toxicology·G RiceR Schoeny
Aug 19, 2009·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Lisa A BaileyBarbara D Beck
Sep 13, 2003·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Harvey J ClewellKenny S Crump
Nov 29, 2013·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Roy J RandoJohn J Lefante
Nov 9, 2016·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Javier VilaElisabeth Cardis
Sep 16, 1999·Toxicology and Industrial Health·J F RisherH E Murray
Jul 27, 2004·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Henry W GlindmeyerRobert N Jones
Oct 28, 2019·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Yuan ShaoGurumurthy Ramachandran
Aug 20, 2019·European Journal of Cancer Prevention : the Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP)·Paolo BoffettaMegan Leonhard
Jul 18, 2018·Annals of Work Exposures and Health·Roy J RandoJohn E Parker

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