On the relative contributions of wind vs. animals to seed dispersal of four Sierra Nevada pines

Ecology
Stephen B Vander Wall

Abstract

Selective pressures that influence the form of seed dispersal syndromes are poorly understood. Morphology of plant propagules is often used to infer the means of dispersal, but morphology can be misleading. Several species of pines, for example, have winged seeds adapted for wind dispersal but owe much of their establishment to scatter-hoarding animals. Here the relative importance of wind vs. animal dispersal is assessed for four species of pines of the eastern Sierra Nevada that have winged seeds but differed in seed size: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta murrayana, 8 mg); ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ponderosa, 56 mg); Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi, 160 mg); and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana, 231 mg). Pre-dispersal seed mortality eliminated much of the ponderosa pine seed crop (66%), but had much less effect on Jeffrey pine (32% of seeds destroyed), lodgepole pine (29%), and sugar pine (7%). When cones opened most filled seeds were dispersed by wind. Animals removed > 99% of wind-dispersed Jeffrey and sugar pine seeds from the ground within 60 days, but animals gathered only 93% of lodgepole pine seeds and 38% of ponderosa pine seeds during the same period. Animals gathered and scatter hoarded radioactively labeled ponderosa...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 17, 2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Stephen B Vander Wall
Mar 18, 2010·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Christer NilssonDavid M Merritt
Apr 27, 2011·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·François P TesteSimon M Landhausser
Aug 12, 2014·PloS One·Andriamihaja RamanantoaninaCang Hui
Feb 24, 2016·Oecologia·Paulo H S A CamargoAlexander V Christianini
Aug 27, 2014·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·C Alina Cansler, Donald McKenzie
Apr 4, 2009·Ecology·Jennifer S BriggsStephen H Jenkins
Jan 6, 2015·The Journal of Ecology·Torbjørn R PaulsenMichelle Leishman
Nov 21, 2015·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Nathanael I LichtiRobert K Swihart
Jan 13, 2017·The New Phytologist·Steven H StraussMark D Needham
May 10, 2017·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Kaitlin C LubetkinLara M Kueppers
May 29, 2018·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Kristen L ShiveScott L Stephens
Nov 24, 2018·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·José María GómezPedro Jordano
Jul 19, 2018·Integrative Zoology·Stephen B Vander WallJoseph D M White

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