On the role of sex differences for evolution in heterogeneous and changing fitness landscapes: insights from pygmy grasshoppers

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
Anders Forsman

Abstract

Much research has been devoted to study evolution of local adaptations by natural selection, and to explore the roles of neutral processes and developmental plasticity for patterns of diversity among individuals, populations and species. Some aspects, such as evolution of adaptive variation in phenotypic traits in stable environments, and the role of plasticity in predictable changing environments, are well understood. Other aspects, such as the role of sex differences for evolution in spatially heterogeneous and temporally changing environments and dynamic fitness landscapes, remain elusive. An increased understanding of evolution requires that sex differences in development, physiology, morphology, life-history and behaviours are more broadly considered. Studies of selection should take into consideration that the relationships linking phenotypes to fitness may vary not only according to environmental conditions but also differ between males and females. Such opposing selection, sex-by-environment interaction effects of selection and sex-specific developmental plasticity can have consequences for population differentiation, local adaptations and for the dynamics of polymorphisms. Integrating sex differences in analytical fram...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 16, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Anna HughesMartin Stevens
Jan 2, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Yeşerin YıldırımAnders Forsman
Nov 23, 2018·Ecology and Evolution·Johanna SundeAnders Forsman
Aug 29, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Tim ConnallonXiang-Yi Li
Jun 4, 2020·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Bernhard VoelklHanno Würbel
Aug 10, 2021·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Timothy K O'ConnorNoah K Whiteman

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