On the Role of the Head Ganglia in Posture and Walking in Insects

Frontiers in Physiology
Stav EmanuelFrederic Libersat

Abstract

In insects, locomotion is the result of rhythm generating thoracic circuits and their modulation by sensory reflexes and by inputs from the two head ganglia, the cerebral and the gnathal ganglia (GNG), which act as higher order neuronal centers playing different functions in the initiation, goal-direction, and maintenance of movement. Current knowledge on the various roles of major neuropiles of the cerebral ganglia (CRG), such as mushroom bodies (MB) and the central complex (CX), in particular, are discussed as well as the role of the GNG. Thoracic and head ganglia circuitries are connected by ascending and descending neurons. While less is known about the ascending neurons, recent studies in large insects and Drosophila have begun to unravel the identity of descending neurons and their appropriate roles in posture and locomotion. Descending inputs from the head ganglia are most important in initiating and modulating thoracic central pattern generating circuitries to achieve goal directed locomotion. In addition, the review will also deal with some known monoaminergic descending neurons which affect the motor circuits involved in posture and locomotion. In conclusion, we will present a few issues that have, until today, been l...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology·J Kien
Jan 1, 1990·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology·J Kien
Jun 1, 1969·Journal of Insect Physiology·R C Eaton, R D Farley
May 1, 1993·Journal of Neurophysiology·S Ryckebusch, G Laurent
Apr 15, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C YellmanJ Hirsh
Feb 18, 1998·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Y I ArshavskyG N Orlovsky
Aug 29, 1998·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·M MizunamiM Nishikawa
Aug 29, 1998·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·M MizunamiM Nishikawa
Nov 26, 1999·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·J R MartinM Heisenberg
Dec 1, 2001·Current Biology : CB·E Marder, D Bucher
Dec 14, 2002·Journal of Neurogenetics·Charlotte Helfrich-FörsterJ Steven de Belle
Dec 20, 2002·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Roland Strauss
Feb 22, 2003·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Ryuichi OkadaMakoto Mizunami
Jul 29, 2003·Journal of Neurobiology·Gal HaspelFrederic Libersat
Sep 7, 2004·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Peter Bräunig, Malcolm Burrows
May 3, 2005·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Angela L Ridgel, Roy E Ritzmann
Sep 6, 2005·Current Biology : CB·Eve MarderAdam L Taylor
Oct 11, 2005·Journal of Neurobiology·Lior Ann RosenbergFrederic Libersat
Jan 28, 2006·Science·James F A Poulet, Berthold Hedwig
May 31, 2006·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Ram Gal, Frederic Libersat
Dec 20, 2007·Arthropod Structure & Development·Sasha ZillAnsgar Büschges
Mar 28, 2008·Current Biology : CB·Denis CombesHans Straka
Jan 16, 2009·Journal of Neurogenetics·Christine N SerwayJ Steven de Belle
May 11, 2010·Current Biology : CB·John A BenderRoy E Ritzmann
Jun 15, 2010·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Lily KahsaiAsa M E Winther
Jul 7, 2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Allen I Selverston
Aug 3, 2010·The Journal of Experimental Biology·C M Harley, R E Ritzmann
Jul 12, 2012·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Roy E RitzmannRoger D Quinn
Oct 6, 2012·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Anne WosnitzaAnsgar Büschges
Oct 30, 2012·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Maja Zorović, Berthold Hedwig
Dec 1, 2012·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Peiyuan Guo, Roy E Ritzmann
Apr 13, 2013·Science·Nicholas J Strausfeld, Frank Hirth
Oct 29, 2013·Annual Review of Entomology·Keram Pfeiffer, Uwe Homberg
Feb 25, 2014·Neuron·Jeffrey M DonleaGero Miesenböck
Apr 5, 2014·Science·Salil S BidayeBarry J Dickson
Jan 13, 2015·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Anke Borgmann, Ansgar Büschges
May 15, 2015·Nature·Johannes D Seelig, Vivek Jayaraman
Nov 26, 2015·Current Biology : CB·Joshua P MartinRoy E Ritzmann
Jan 7, 2016·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·Uwe Homberg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Aleksandr V ZhuravlevElena V Savvateeva-Popova
Apr 16, 2021·Frontiers in Robotics and AI·Keisuke Naniwa, Hitoshi Aonuma

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Datasets Mentioned

BETA
4597641450839

Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase

Software Mentioned

Locust

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.