One cysteine is enough: A monothiol Grx can functionally replace all cytosolic Trx and dithiol Grx.

Redox Biology
Jannik ZimmermannBruce Morgan

Abstract

Glutaredoxins are small proteins of the thioredoxin superfamily that are present throughout life. Most glutaredoxins fall into two major subfamilies. Class I glutaredoxins are glutathione-dependent thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases whilst class II glutaredoxins coordinate Fe-S clusters. Class I glutaredoxins are typically dithiol enzymes with two active-site cysteine residues, however, some enzymatically active monothiol glutaredoxins are also known. Whilst both monothiol and dithiol class I glutaredoxins mediate protein deglutathionylation, it is widely claimed that only dithiol glutaredoxins are competent to reduce protein disulfide bonds. In this study, using a combination of yeast 'viability rescue', growth, and redox-sensitive GFP-based assays, we show that two different monothiol class I glutaredoxins can each facilitate the reduction of protein disulfide bonds in ribonucleotide reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductase and roGFP2. Our observations thus challenge the generalization of the dithiol mechanism for glutaredoxin catalysis and raise the question of why most class I glutaredoxins have two active-site cysteine residues.

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Citations

Nov 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Aysenur Musaogullari, Yuh-Cherng Chai
Feb 21, 2021·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Anna MoselerJérémy Couturier
Jun 20, 2021·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Jannik ZimmermannBruce Morgan
Aug 12, 2021·Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research·Ché S Pillay, Nolyn John

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