PMID: 9421564Jan 9, 1998Paper

One step is not enough: making better use of association norms to predict cued recall

Memory & Cognition
D L NelsonT W Leibert

Abstract

Cued recall is strongly affected by the strength of the preexisting connection between the test cue and the information to be recalled, the target. In all past work, preexisting cue-to-target strength has been measured by the probability that the cue produced the target in free association. This paper presents four experiments showing that this use of such norms underestimates the strength of the connection and that a more accurate estimate can be obtained by incorporating indirect as well as direct connections in the estimate. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that in extralist cued recall both the strength and number of two-step indirect connections facilitate recall. Experiment 3 showed that three-step connections have negligible effects. Experiment 4 used an intralist task in which cue and target are first studied together, and the results showed once again that indirect connections can affect recall. In all of these experiments, indirect connections had an effect on recall that was larger when direct cue-to-target strength was weak than when it was strong. Implications for using association norms in research are described, and an algorithm for using association norms to measure cue-to-target strength is proposed.

References

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Citations

Mar 3, 2009·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Holly L Storkel, Suzanne M Adlof
Jun 14, 2002·Memory & Cognition·Douglas L Nelson, Leilani B Goodmon
Jul 29, 2003·Learning & Behavior·Rachel BarrCarolyn Rovee-Collier
Nov 10, 2001·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·L BuchananC Burgess
May 16, 2003·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Douglas L NelsonCathy L McEvoy
Aug 18, 2000·Memory & Cognition·D L Nelson, C L McEvoy
Feb 24, 2001·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·D L Nelson, N Zhang
Mar 13, 2010·Journal of Mathematical Psychology·Peter BruzaCathy McEvoy
Aug 6, 1999·Brain and Language·L BuchananC Maitson
Feb 2, 2006·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Catherine L BurtonMichael A Hunter
Oct 6, 2019·Cognitive Processing·Nicholas P Maxwell, Erin M Buchanan
Oct 3, 2020·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Sho Ishiguro, Satoru Saito

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