One thousand DNA barcodes of piranhas and pacus reveal geographic structure and unrecognised diversity in the Amazon

Scientific Reports
Valeria N MachadoTomas Hrbek

Abstract

Piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) are a charismatic but understudied family of Neotropical fishes. Here, we analyse a DNA barcode dataset comprising 1,122 specimens, 69 species, 16 genera, 208 localities, and 34 major river drainages in order to make an inventory of diversity and to highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using four methods of species discovery-incorporating both tree and distance based techniques-we report between 76 and 99 species-like clusters, i.e. between 20% and 33% of a priori identified taxonomic species were represented by more than one mtDNA lineage. There was a high degree of congruence between clusters, with 60% supported by three or four methods. Pacus of the genus Myloplus exhibited the most intraspecific variation, with six of the 13 species sampled found to have multiple lineages. Conversely, piranhas of the Serrasalmus rhombeus group proved difficult to delimit with these methods due to genetic similarity and polyphyly. Overall, our results recognise substantially underestimated diversity in the serrasalmids, and emphasise the Guiana and Brazilian Shield rivers as biogeographically important areas with multiple cases ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 29, 2020·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Céline JézéquelThierry Oberdorff
Aug 26, 2020·PloS One·Ueslei LopesPatricia Domingues de Freitas
Aug 30, 2018·Frontiers in Genetics·Tomas HrbekIzeni P Farias
Aug 31, 2020·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Nadayca T B MateussiClaudio Oliveira

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

phangorn
east
GMYC
bGMYC
Geneious
spider
R
locMin
Mafft
reeAnnotator

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