One woman's low is another woman's high: Paradoxical effects of the menstrual cycle

Psychoneuroendocrinology
Jeff Kiesner

Abstract

Although past research on affective changes associated with the menstrual cycle has focussed on a specific pattern commonly referred to as Premenstrual Syndrome, there are compelling reasons to hypothesize that an opposite pattern, with a mid-cycle increase and a premenstrual low in symptoms, may also exist. Focusing on depression and anxiety, the present study tested whether this mid-cycle pattern of symptoms could be identified, using a sample of 213 female university students, who completed daily questionnaires for two menstrual cycles. Results confirmed the existence of a group of women who demonstrate the mid-cycle pattern of symptom changes (13%), in addition to the classic PMS pattern (61%), and individuals demonstrating no cyclical pattern of symptoms (26%). Moreover, women with a strong PMS pattern showed lower average levels of depression/anxiety than women with no cyclical changes. These findings require that current conceptions of menstrual-cycle related psychological changes be redefined to include the mid-cycle pattern, and suggest that women with strong PMS symptoms may actually benefit from a mid-cycle sense of wellness.

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Citations

Apr 6, 2011·Journal of Medical Systems·Subhagata Chattopadhyay, U Rajendra Acharya
Mar 15, 2016·Archives of Women's Mental Health·Eliza Van Reen, Jeff Kiesner
Dec 16, 2017·Depression and Anxiety·Kayla M JoyceSherry H Stewart
Jan 13, 2012·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·M V Seeman
Oct 3, 2018·Scientific Reports·C F DraperJ van der Greef
Jun 17, 2020·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Jeff KiesnerJane Mendle

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