Abstract
To evaluate chronic toxicity of madder color (MC), a natural food colorant extracted from the roots of Rubia tinctorum L., F344 rats were fed diet containing 0%, 0.2%, 1.0% or 5.0% MC for 53 weeks. Hematological changes including anemia and serum biochemical alterations indicating hepatotoxicity were demonstrated at 5.0% in both sexes. Relative weights of the liver were significantly increased from 1.0% in both sexes, and those of the kidney were significantly increased from 1.0% in males and from 0.2% in females. Histopathologically, atypical renal tubule hyperplasias were increased at 1.0% or higher in both sexes in association with increase of cell proliferative activity in the tubules. A renal cell adenoma was observed in a male rat receiving 5.0% MC. In addition, glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive liver cell foci were significantly increased at 5.0% in both sexes. These results indicate that MC has chronic toxicity targeting kidney, liver and blood cells. Moreover, the results strongly suggest that MC may have the carcinogenic potential in the kidney and the liver.
References
Jan 1, 1979·Mutation Research·J P Brown, P S Dietrich
Feb 1, 1992·Mutation Research·B BlömekeJ Westendorf
Jun 1, 1992·Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Y KawasakiK Yoshihira
Jul 1, 1991·Carcinogenesis·B PoginskyD H Phillips
Jan 1, 1990·Mutation Research·J WestendorfH Marquardt
Apr 1, 1989·Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann·K ImaidaN Ito
Jun 1, 1988·Cell Biology and Toxicology·J WestendorfH Marquardt
Mar 15, 1986·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·R W FleischmanJ Huff
Aug 1, 1984·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·M IshidateA Matsuoka
Sep 1, 1983·Mutation Research·Y Yasui, N Takeda
May 1, 1995·Digestive Diseases and Sciences·K TajiriC Sato
Sep 10, 1996·Cancer Letters·C L PotterF B Daniel
Nov 5, 1997·Toxicologic Pathology·T Shirai
Jan 14, 1999·Carcinogenesis·J WestendorfA Schulte
Apr 18, 2000·Mutation Research·N ItoT Shirai
Apr 17, 2001·Planta medica·F MarecA Jegorov
Oct 14, 2004·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Helmut Görner
Sep 21, 2007·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Kaoru InoueMasao Hirose
Citations
Jan 27, 2009·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Kaoru InoueAkiyoshi Nishikawa
Nov 27, 2008·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Kaoru InoueAkiyoshi Nishikawa
Sep 17, 2011·Environmental Toxicology·E Arzu Koçkaya, Aysun Kılıç
Oct 2, 2009·Cancer Science·Kaoru InoueAkiyoshi Nishikawa
Feb 6, 2020·Biotechnic & Histochemistry : Official Publication of the Biological Stain Commission·C J Cooksey
Nov 26, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Harold S FreemanGisela A Umbuzeiro