Oocytes use the plasminogen-plasmin system to remove supernumerary spermatozoa

Human Reproduction
Pilar CoyR Romar

Abstract

The role of the plasminogen-plasmin (PLG-PLA) system in fertilization is unknown, although its dysfunction has been associated with subfertility in humans. We have recently detected and quantified plasminogen in the oviductal fluid of two mammals and showed a reduction in sperm penetration during IVF when plasminogen is present. The objective of this study was to describe the mechanism by which PLG-PLA system regulates sperm entry into the oocyte. By combining biochemical, functional, electron microscopic, immunocytochemical and live cell imaging methods, we show here that (i) plasminogen is activated into the protease plasmin, by gamete interaction; (ii) urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators are present in oocytes, but they are not of cortical granule origin; (iii) sperm binding to oocytes triggers the releasing of plasminogen activators and (iv) the generated plasmin causes sperm detachment from the zona pellucida. Our results describe a novel mechanism for the success or failure of fertilization in mammals, by which molecules present in the oviductal environment are activated by molecules originating within the gametes. We anticipate that therapeutic up- or down-regulation of this physiological mechanism may ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 3, 2012·Reproduction : the Official Journal of the Society for the Study of Fertility·P CoyM Avilés
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