Operando Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Mechanics of Structural Water Driven Battery-to-Pseudocapacitor Transition

ACS Nano
Ruocun WangVeronica Augustyn

Abstract

The presence of structural water in tungsten oxides leads to a transition in the energy storage mechanism from battery-type intercalation (limited by solid state diffusion) to pseudocapacitance (limited by surface kinetics). Here, we demonstrate that these electrochemical mechanisms are linked to the mechanical response of the materials during intercalation of protons and present a pathway to utilize the mechanical coupling for local studies of electrochemistry. Operando atomic force microscopy dilatometry is used to measure the deformation of redox-active energy storage materials and to link the local nanoscale deformation to the electrochemical redox process. This technique reveals that the local mechanical deformation of the hydrated tungsten oxide is smaller and more gradual than the anhydrous oxide and occurs without hysteresis during the intercalation and deintercalation processes. The ability of layered materials with confined structural water to minimize mechanical deformation likely contributes to their fast energy storage kinetics.

References

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Dec 22, 2009·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Basila KattoufYair Ein-Eli
Oct 26, 2016·Nature Materials·Hadi TavassolAndrew A Gewirth
Sep 20, 2016·Acta Chimica Slovenica·Maria Rosa PalacínJean Marie Tarascon
Mar 28, 2018·ACS Nano·Yury Gogotsi, Reginald M Penner

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Citations

Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Chemistry·Shelby BoydVeronica Augustyn
Aug 5, 2020·Nature Materials·Patrice Simon, Yury Gogotsi
Jun 18, 2021·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Saeed SaeedVeronica Augustyn
Jul 1, 2020·Chemical Reviews·Simon FleischmannVeronica Augustyn

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