Opposing effects of antibiotics and germ-free status on neuropeptide systems involved in social behaviour and pain regulation.

BMC Neuroscience
Katerina V A Johnson, Philip W J Burnet

Abstract

Recent research has revealed that the community of microorganisms inhabiting the gut affects brain development, function and behaviour. In particular, disruption of the gut microbiome during critical developmental windows can have lasting effects on host physiology. Both antibiotic exposure and germ-free conditions impact the central nervous system and can alter multiple aspects of behaviour. Social impairments are typically displayed by antibiotic-treated and germ-free animals, yet there is a lack of understanding of the underlying neurobiological changes. Since the μ-opioid, oxytocin and vasopressin systems are key modulators of mammalian social behaviour, here we investigate the effect of experimentally manipulating the gut microbiome on the expression of these pathways. We show that social neuropeptide signalling is disrupted in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice, which may contribute to the behavioural deficits observed in these animal models. The most notable finding is the reduction in neuroreceptor gene expression in the frontal cortex of mice administered an antibiotic cocktail post-weaning. Additionally, the changes observed in germ-free mice were generally in the opposite direction to the antibiotic-treated mice. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 1, 2021·Microbes and Infection·Meggie KuypersThierry Mallevaey
Apr 25, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Shoshana EitanJacob Kuempel

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