Abstract
Polyamines have various biological functions including marked effects on the structure and function of genomic DNA molecules. Changes in the higher-order structure of DNA caused by polyamines are expected to be closely related to genetic activity. To clarify this issue, we examined the relationship between gene expression and the higher-order structure of DNA under different polyamine concentrations. We studied the effects of polyamines, spermidine SPD(3+) and spermine SP(4+), on gene expression by a luciferase assay. The results showed that gene expression is increased by ca. 5-fold by the addition of SPD(3+) at 0.3 mM, whereas it is completely inhibited above 2 mM. Similarly, with SP(4+), gene expression is maximized at 0.08 mM and completely inhibited above 0.6 mM. We also performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations on DNA under different polyamine concentrations. AFM revealed that a flower-like conformation is generated at polyamine concentrations associated with maximum expression as measured by the luciferase assay. On the other hand, DNA molecules exhibit a folded compact conformation at polyamine concentrations associated with the complete inhibition of expression. Based on these results, we discuss the plausib...Continue Reading
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