Opposite effects of daytime and nighttime warming on top-down control of plant diversity

Ecology
Brandon T Barton, O J Schmitz

Abstract

Ecological analyses of climate warming explore how rising mean temperature will affect the species composition of communities and their associated functioning. Experimentation usually presumes that warming arises from simultaneous increase in daily maximum (daytime) and minimum (nighttime) temperatures. Yet evidence shows that mean warming arises largely from increasing nighttime temperatures. We report on a 3-yr experiment that compared the effects of daytime and nighttime warming on a community comprising herbaceous plants, grasshopper herbivores and predatory spiders. We warmed experimental mesocosms 3-4°C above ambient control treatments during the daytime (06:00-18:00 h) or nighttime (18:00-06:00 h). Daytime warming caused spiders to seek a thermal refuge low in the plant canopy and away from grasshopper prey, which allowed grasshoppers to spend more time feeding on a competitively dominant plant species. Nighttime had the opposite effect, where spider activity increased causing grasshoppers to reduce feeding. Two consecutive years of daytime warming resulted in a suppression of the competitive dominant plant and increased the diversity and evenness of the plant community, whereas nighttime warming had opposite effects. Th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 12, 2019·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Timothy J BartleyBailey C McMeans
Sep 19, 2019·Ecology·Brandon T BartonMarcus A Lashley
Apr 24, 2020·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Clesson H V HigashiKerry M Oliver
Mar 19, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Carter L WolffBrandon T Barton
Sep 22, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Nathalie R Sommer, Oswald J Schmitz
Nov 7, 2019·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Ziqiang DuHong Zhang
Sep 2, 2020·Annual Review of Entomology·Chun-Sen MaSylvain Pincebourde
Jul 9, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Zheng-Sheng He, Wei-Ming He
May 15, 2021·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Mariana Abarca, Ryan Spahn
Apr 23, 2021·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Alexis RutschmannJean-François Le Galliard

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