Opt-out testing for stigmatized diseases: a social psychological approach to understanding the potential effect of recommendations for routine HIV testing.

Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
Sean D YoungDouglas Owens

Abstract

Little research has studied experimentally whether an opt-out policy will increase testing rates or whether this strategy is especially effective in the case of stigmatized diseases such as HIV. In Study 1, a 2 x 2 factorial design asked participants to make moral judgments about a person's decision to test for stigmatized diseases under an opt-in versus an opt-out policy. In Study 2, a 2 x 2 factorial design measuring testing rates explored whether opt-out methods reduce stigma and increase testing for stigmatized diseases. Study 1 results suggest that getting tested draws suspicion regarding moral conduct in an opt-in system, whereas not getting tested draws suspicion in an opt-out system. Study 2 results suggest that an opt-out policy may increase testing rates for stigmatized diseases and lessen the effects of stigma in people's reluctance to test. A social psychological approach to health services can be used to show how testing policies can influence both the stigmatization associated with testing and participation rates. An understanding of how testing policies may affect patient decision making and behavior is imperative for creating effective testing policies.

References

Jan 1, 1995·AIDS Care·K A Phillips, T J Coates
Oct 6, 1993·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·D C BerriosJ Catania
May 1, 1993·American Journal of Public Health·T MyersE A Jackson
Nov 10, 2000·Preventive Medicine·A J DietrichJ Grant-Petersson
Mar 21, 2001·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·T SummersT Coates
Jan 31, 2002·American Journal of Public Health·Hillard WeinstockMarta Gwinn
Feb 28, 2002·American Journal of Public Health·J Dennis FortenberryBradley P Stoner
Aug 20, 2003·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·Mark H Yudin
May 12, 2004·AIDS Education and Prevention : Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education·Angela B HutchinsonCarlos del Rio
Dec 23, 2004·Transplantation·Eric J Johnson, Daniel G Goldstein
Feb 11, 2005·The New England Journal of Medicine·Gillian D SandersDouglas K Owens
Jul 7, 2005·Annals of Internal Medicine·UNKNOWN US Preventive Services Task Force
Jul 7, 2005·Annals of Internal Medicine·Roger ChouUNKNOWN US Preventive Services Task Force
Feb 16, 2006·AIDS and Behavior·Michael M Copenhaver, Jeffrey D Fisher
May 10, 2007·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·Sean D YoungBenoît Monin

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 3, 2010·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Sarit A GolubPamina M Gorbach
May 4, 2011·JAAPA : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants·Kevin Michael O'Hara
May 19, 2012·Science·Naomi Ellemers
Mar 9, 2012·AIDS Research and Treatment·Douglas A E WhiteStacy Tsai
Sep 16, 2015·BMC Public Health·Stacy LeidelSonya Girdler
Dec 6, 2014·BMC Public Health·Marianne BeaulieuUNKNOWN Comité consultatif sur les attitudes envers les PVVIH
Apr 16, 2014·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·Purva AbhyankarHilary L Bekker
Aug 31, 2011·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Douglas A E WhiteHarrison J Alter
Jan 4, 2020·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Lim M LeongCraig R M McKenzie
Feb 11, 2016·Public Health Reports·Natalie D CrawfordCrystal M Fuller
Oct 2, 2020·Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open·Rachel SafeekMehri McKellar
Jan 4, 2021·Maternal and Child Health Journal·Roxanne Mirabal-BeltranSarah Finocchario-Kessler
Jul 31, 2020·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Tyler S BartholomewDaniel J Feaster
Feb 13, 2021·NPJ Digital Medicine·Sean D YoungRosalie Liccardo Pacula
Apr 23, 2021·The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC·Brady D Hanshaw, A Lina Rosengren
Jun 11, 2021·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Christine M DangAnk E Nijhawan

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.