Optimal diving under the risk of predation

Journal of Theoretical Biology
M R Heithaus, Alejandro Frid

Abstract

Many air-breathing aquatic foragers may be killed by aerial or subsurface predators while recovering oxygen at the surface; yet the influence of predation risk on time allocation during dive cycles is little known in spite of numerous studies on optimal diving. We modeled diving behavior under the risk of predation at the surface. The relationship between time spent at the surface and the risk of death is predicted to influence the optimal surface interval, regardless of whether foragers accumulate energy at a constant rate while at the food patch, deplete food resources over the course of the dive, or must search for food during the dive. When instantaneous predation risk during a single surface interval decreases with time spent at the surface, a diver should increase its surface interval relative to that which maximizes energy intake, thereby increasing dive durations and reducing the number of surfacings per foraging bout. When instantaneous risk over a single surface interval does not change or increases with increasing time at the surface, divers should decrease their surface interval (and consequently their dive duration) relative to that which maximizes energy intake resulting in more dives per foraging bout. The fitnes...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1997·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·I L Boyd

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Citations

Apr 19, 2008·Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ·Natalie J ClarkCraig E Franklin
Dec 23, 2009·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·Kirstin L Pratt, Craig E Franklin
Aug 4, 2004·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Patrick J Butler
Aug 4, 2006·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Lewis G Halsey, Patrick J Butler
May 16, 2017·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Oleg I LyaminJerome M Siegel
Nov 4, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Vinay UdyawerTimothy D Clark
Jan 1, 2015·Conservation Physiology·Elizabeth T GoundieAndrew W Trites
Feb 26, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Essie M RodgersDaniel W A Noble
Mar 19, 2021·Science Advances·Roxanne S BeltranDaniel P Costa
Apr 27, 2004·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Rory P Wilson, Flavio Quintana
Aug 21, 2021·Annual Review of Marine Science·Camrin D BraunPedro Afonso

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