PMID: 9450239Feb 5, 1998Paper

Optimum properties of injectable test solutions for intrathecal administration to conscious rats

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
K FuruhamaM Kato

Abstract

We devised a versatile intrathecal injection method enabling evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) toxicities in rats, and then explored appropriate physico-chemical properties for injectable test solutions at relatively large dosage volumes. In a preliminary bolus injection study, a 25-gauge needle was inserted into the subarachnoid space through the lateral aspect of the intervertebral portion between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra under light ether anesthesia. When 3% phthalocyanine blue solution, a vital dye, was injected in order to confirm its transfer to the brain tissue, the dye reached the cerebral ventricle, perivascular spaces and veins of the cerebral cortex. On the basis of these information, a fine polyethylene tube was introduced up to a level around the axis via a 20-gauge needle inserted in advance into the vertebral space by the same way. The needle was then withdrawn from the space leaving the tube filled with a test solution. After a full recovery from anesthesia, the infusion was commenced. Injection volume-versus-speed or osmolality-versus-pH relationship was assessed using solutions with various compositions, followed by monitoring mortality coupled with clinical signs. The tolerable combination of ...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1979·Anesthesiology·J K WangJ E Thomas
Dec 11, 1975·The New England Journal of Medicine·A B Kaiser, Z A McGee
Sep 1, 1988·Investigative Radiology·U SpeckW Mützel
Jan 1, 1984·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·B Dib
Apr 1, 1984·British Journal of Anaesthesia·M BaharM D Vickers
Oct 17, 1980·European Journal of Pharmacology·J L Hylden, G L Wilcox
Sep 1, 1981·Physiology & Behavior·R M LoPachinT L Yaksh
Mar 1, 1957·British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy·T J HALEY, W G MCCORMICK
Jan 1, 1964·Medicina Experimentalis. International Journal of Experimental Medicine·L VALZELLI
Dec 1, 1976·Physiology & Behavior·T L Yaksh, T A Rudy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 15, 2017·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Julien MametScott Harris

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.