PMID: 8942832Dec 1, 1996Paper

Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer: temporal trends in three countries

Obstetrics and Gynecology
L E Waetjen, D A Grimes

Abstract

To determine if vital statistics support a temporal association between the introduction of oral contraceptives (OC) and the incidence of, and mortality from, primary liver cancer in three countries from different regions of the world. We used Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, volumes I-VI, for incidence data on primary liver cancer in the United States and Japan. The Centre for Epidemiology in Stockholm provided the incidence data for Sweden. We obtained mortality data for the U.S. from Vital Statistics of the United States, for Japan from The World Health Statistics Annual, and for Sweden from Swedish government sources. We compiled data on the prevalence of OC use in all three countries from multiple sources, including the National Survey of Family Growth, The Population Council, and original articles. Despite several hundred million woman-years of exposure to OCs, primary liver cancer incidence and mortality rates among women have not changed substantially in the United States. In Sweden, another country with extensive OC use, the primary liver cancer incidence trends in women paralleled those of men. The incidence of, and mortality rate from, primary liver cancer is gradually rising in Japan, where OC use has been negli...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 11, 2002·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Hubert E Blum, Darius Moradpour
Jul 25, 1998·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·S P Dourakis, G Tolis
Apr 16, 2005·Clinics in Liver Disease·F Xavier BoschMireia Díaz
Jun 4, 2002·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology·Rachel E D'Souza, John Guillebaud

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