Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Anthony J RoeckerPaul J Coleman

Abstract

Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system, composed of two G-protein coupled receptors, orexins 1 and 2, and two neuropeptide agonists, orexins A and B, has captured the attention of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, anxiety, and sleep/wake disorders. Genetic evidence in rodents, dogs, and humans was revealed between 1999 and 2000, demonstrating a causal link between dysfunction or deletion of the orexin system and narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by hypersomnolence during normal wakefulness. These findings encouraged efforts to discover agonists to treat narcolepsy and, alternatively, antagonists to treat insomnia. This perspective will focus on the discovery and development of structurally diverse orexin antagonists suitable for preclinical pharmacology studies and human clinical trials. The work described herein culminated in the 2014 FDA approval of suvorexant as a first-in-class dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia.

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Citations

Aug 23, 2016·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Ainoleena TurkuHenri Xhaard
Feb 22, 2017·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters·Jason W SkudlarekPaul J Coleman
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Jan 9, 2021·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy·Dehua YangMing-Wei Wang
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Jun 9, 2021·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Dehui ZhangYanan Zhang
Aug 18, 2021·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Marieke Vringer, Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
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Apr 8, 2020·ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science·Jason M UslanerPaul J Coleman
Dec 21, 2019·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Mathieu RappasJohn A Christopher
Aug 31, 2021·RSC Chemical Biology·Robert B A Quinlan, Paul E Brennan

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