Organic osmolytes and embryos: substrates of the Gly and beta transport systems protect mouse zygotes against the effects of raised osmolarity

Biology of Reproduction
K M Dawson, Jay M Baltz

Abstract

Mouse embryo development is identically inhibited by raised osmolarity, whether produced by added NaCl or raffinose, demonstrating that high osmolarity is itself detrimental to embryos. In the face of increased osmolarity, cells in the brain and kidney, and likely many other cells, accumulate nonperturbing organic osmolytes in their cytoplasm. In the presence of any of a number of organic compounds that were proven or probable substrates of either the Gly or the beta transport systems, mouse embryo development in vitro was protected from raised osmolarity. Zygotes developed past the "2-cell block," and with most Gly or beta substrates, to the blastocyst stage. The most effective osmoprotectants were glycine, glutamine, betaine, proline, beta-alanine, and hypotaurine; several others were partially effective. A model Gly substrate, glycine, was effective at a much lower concentration (EC50 = 50 microM) than was a model beta substrate, beta-alanine (EC50 = 1.3 mM). The protective effect of these two compounds was additive, indicating a common mode of action. The various effective compounds tested do not all share metabolic pathways or other such properties in common. Thus, it is likely that cleavage-stage mouse embryos utilize the...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 19, 2012·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Deirdre Zander-FoxMichelle Lane
Oct 1, 2013·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Jay M Baltz
Feb 23, 2013·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Yves MénézoKay Elder
Jun 26, 2001·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·H KettunenK Tiihonen
Apr 26, 2000·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology·T J MillerP H Yancey
Dec 10, 2002·Reproductive Biomedicine Online·John D Biggers
Apr 25, 2009·Zygote : the Biology of Gametes and Early Embryos·Nirmala Rudraraju, Jay M Baltz
Sep 14, 2001·Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene·E GómezC Díez
Jun 1, 2005·Nutrition Research Reviews·M EklundR Mosenthin
Oct 15, 2009·Human Reproduction Update·Jay M Baltz, Alina P Tartia
Jul 17, 2009·Biology of Reproduction·Amélie M D PellandJay M Baltz
Nov 15, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Candace L SteevesJay M Baltz
Apr 4, 2006·Human Fertility : Journal of the British Fertility Society·Geraldine M Hartshorne, Hazel Baker
Oct 2, 2007·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Norma Paniagua-CastroGermán Chamorro-Cevallos
Sep 27, 2012·Molecular Reproduction and Development·Jay M Baltz, Chenxi Zhou
Mar 30, 2010·Clinical Biochemistry·Michael Lever, Sandy Slow
Sep 3, 2016·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Samantha RichardJay M Baltz
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Oct 18, 2006·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Mohamed-Kheir Idris AnasJay M Baltz
Mar 20, 1999·Biology of Reproduction·M Kolajova, J M Baltz
Jan 3, 2001·Biology of Reproduction·L J Van Winkle
Mar 7, 2014·Biology of Reproduction·Hannah E CorbettJay M Baltz
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Apr 20, 1999·Biology of Reproduction·J L Collins, J M Baltz
Jun 15, 2017·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·D K Gardner, R L Kelley

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