Organization and evolution of the human growth hormone receptor gene 5'-flanking region

Endocrinology
Cynthia Gates GoodyerR K Menon

Abstract

Previous studies have identified eight variant human GH receptor (hGHR) messenger RNA (mRNAs; V1-V8), that differ in their 5'-untranslated regions (5'UTRs) but splice into the same site just upstream of the translation start site in exon 2; thus, they encode the same protein. Here we report a novel variant, V9, and describe the mapping of all nine 5'UTR sequences within 40 kb upstream of exon 2. A cluster of three sequences, V2-V9-V3 (termed module A), lies furthest 5', and approximately 16 kb downstream is a second cluster of four exons, V7-V1-V4-V8 (module B). V6 is midway between modules A and B. Module B is about 18 kb upstream of V5, which lies adjacent to exon 2. hGHR expression is under developmental- and tissue-specific regulation, and expression of the variant mRNAs is related to their position within the 5'-flanking region; whereas module A (V2,V9,V3) and V5 variants are widely expressed, module B (V7,V1,V4,V8) and V6 variant mRNAs are detectable only in postnatal liver. Transcriptional start sites for V1 and V9 (representing the two different modules) were identified, showing that postnatal liver-specific expression of V1 is driven from two TATA boxes, whereas the ubiquitous V9 transcript has a single start site and ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 3, 2013·Sports Medicine·Gwendolyn A ThomasJeff S Volek
Feb 20, 2003·Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM·Terry S Elton, Mickey M Martin
Dec 24, 2010·Growth Hormone & IGF Research : Official Journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society·Haruo NogamiSetsuji Hisano
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Jan 18, 2011·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Gurvinder KenthCynthia Gates Goodyer

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