Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression: high vs low CRH/NE states

Molecular Psychiatry
P W Gold, G P Chrousos

Abstract

Stress precipitates depression and alters its natural history. Major depression and the stress response share similar phenomena, mediators and circuitries. Thus, many of the features of major depression potentially reflect dysregulations of the stress response. The stress response itself consists of alterations in levels of anxiety, a loss of cognitive and affective flexibility, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system, and inhibition of vegetative processes that are likely to impede survival during a life-threatening situation (eg sleep, sexual activity, and endocrine programs for growth and reproduction). Because depression is a heterogeneous illness, we studied two diagnostic subtypes, melancholic and atypical depression. In melancholia, the stress response seems hyperactive, and patients are anxious, dread the future, lose responsiveness to the environment, have insomnia, lose their appetite, and a diurnal variation with depression at its worst in the morning. They also have an activated CRH system and may have diminished activities of the growth hormone and reproductive axes. Patients with atypical depression present with a syndrome that seems the antithesis of melancholia. T...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1978·The American Journal of Psychiatry·S L TaubeJ W Maas
Jul 1, 1978·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·P VestergaardN Nicolaou
Apr 11, 1975·Brain Research·S Subrahmanyam
Nov 1, 1975·The American Journal of Psychiatry·F Deleon-JonesJ Sanchez
Oct 1, 1992·Journal of Affective Disorders·E HorwathC D Hornig
Dec 1, 1991·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·M A DemitrackP W Gold
Jan 1, 1991·Progress in Brain Research·J M Fuster
Dec 1, 1990·Archives of General Psychiatry·E FrankV J Grochocinski
Jan 1, 1990·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·M Da PradaW P Burkard
Jan 1, 1990·Scientific American·R M Sapolsky
Dec 1, 1989·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·N R SwerdlowG F Koob
Jun 1, 1988·Archives of General Psychiatry·C B NemeroffM Stanley
Jan 1, 1988·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·P W GoldG P Chrousos
Jan 1, 1986·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·P W GoldG P Chrousos
Aug 18, 1988·The New England Journal of Medicine·P W GoldG P Chrousos
Aug 11, 1988·The New England Journal of Medicine·P W GoldG P Chrousos
Nov 1, 1987·Journal of Neurochemistry·D S GoldsteinH R Keiser
Sep 1, 1986·Psychiatry Research·L J SieverD L Murphy
Nov 1, 1974·Circulation Research·S SenF M Bumpus
Aug 1, 1973·Psychological Medicine·D M ShawA Coppen
Nov 1, 1965·The American Journal of Psychiatry·J J Schildkraut
Oct 1, 1970·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·S B Guze, E Robins
Jan 1, 1971·Archives of General Psychiatry·R J WyattK Engelman
Aug 1, 1968·Archives of General Psychiatry·J W MaasH Dekirmenjian
Oct 1, 1965·Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry·R N EmdeR A Spitz
Oct 25, 1984·The New England Journal of Medicine·F HolsboerO A Müller
Oct 1, 1982·The American Journal of Psychiatry·C R LakeD L Murphy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 3, 2008·Archives of General Psychiatry·Nicole VogelzangsBrenda W J H Penninx
Jan 20, 2011·Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz·K H LadwigM E Lacruz
Feb 26, 2008·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Ioannis MichopoulosLefteris Lykouras
Feb 23, 2010·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Maurizio PompiliDavid Lester
Feb 20, 2010·Archives of Women's Mental Health·Miriam ListingMartina Rauchfuss
Sep 16, 2011·Archives of Women's Mental Health·Caroline LilliecreutzAnn Josefsson
Apr 11, 2012·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Debra A Bangasser, Rita J Valentino
Mar 2, 2011·Journal of Behavioral Medicine·Joseph Keawe'aimoku KaholokulaMarjorie K Mau
Feb 26, 2004·Current Pain and Headache Reports·Gordon Blackburn-Munro
May 14, 2008·Current Psychiatry Reports·Wynn Wynn PaingElizabeth B Weller
Jul 26, 2008·Current Psychiatry Reports·Meera Narasimhan, Prakash Masand
Sep 22, 2005·Current Rheumatology Reports·Boudewijn Van HoudenhovePatrick Luyten
Aug 5, 2009·Molecular Neurobiology·Katie J McLaughlinCheryl D Conrad
Mar 9, 2013·Appetite·T van StrienR Baños
Oct 6, 2009·Brain Research·Rita J ValentinoElisabeth Van Bockstaele
May 27, 2005·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Matthew N Hill, Boris B Gorzalka
May 19, 2005·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Martin E KeckMarianne B Müller
Dec 27, 2008·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Mark J Millan
Jun 14, 2005·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Irina A Antonijevic
Jun 14, 2005·Psychoneuroendocrinology·Eva FriesDirk H Hellhammer
Jul 2, 2003·Physiology & Behavior·Jennifer M Chou-GreenSusan F Akana
Sep 23, 2003·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Gustavo E Tafet, Renato Bernardini
Aug 21, 2003·Progress in Neurobiology·Mark J Millan
Jun 5, 2003·Medical Hypotheses·E Van HoofK De Meirleir
Aug 30, 2003·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Sabine R Kunz-EbrechtAndrew Steptoe
Nov 15, 2002·Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM·Dimitris K Grammatopoulos, George P Chrousos
Sep 7, 2007·Psychological Medicine·F Van Den EedeS J Claes
Feb 22, 2012·Psychological Medicine·F LamersB W J H Penninx
Jun 10, 2006·Development and Psychopathology·Bruce J EllisW Thomas Boyce

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved