Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean toward the Polar Regions: evidence for global occurrence

Environmental Science & Technology
Axel MöllerRalf Ebinghaus

Abstract

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) being applied as flame retardants and plasticizers were investigated in airborne particles over the Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean. Samples taken during two polar expeditions in 2010/11, one from East Asia to the high Arctic (CHINARE 4) and another from East Asia toward the Indian Ocean to the Antarctic (CHINARE 27), were analyzed for three halogenated OPs (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP)), four alkylated OPs (tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP), and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). The sum of the eight investigated OPs ranged from 230 to 2900 pg m(-3) and from 120 to 1700 pg m(-3) during CHINARE 4 and CHINARE 27, respectively. TCEP and TCPP were the predominating compounds, both over the Asian seas as well as in the polar regions, with concentrations from 19 to 2000 pg m(-3) and 22 to 620 pg m(-3), respectively. Elevated concentrations were observed in proximity to the Asian continent enhanced by continental air masses. They decreased sharply toward the open oceans where they remained re...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 6, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Stefan Trapp, Trine Eggen
Oct 11, 2015·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Ingeborg G HallangerGeir Wing Gabrielsen
Sep 13, 2015·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Hester S Hendriks, Remco H S Westerink
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May 5, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Roxana SühringMartin Scheringer
Jun 17, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Roxana SühringLiisa M Jantunen
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May 19, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Fanrong ZhaoJianying Hu
May 26, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Jing LiRalf Ebinghaus

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