Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida

American Journal of Botany
Andrés ElgorriagaN Rubén Cúneo

Abstract

Equisetum is the sole living representative of Sphenopsida, a clade with impressive species richness, a long fossil history dating back to the Devonian, and obscure relationships with other living pteridophytes. Based on molecular data, the crown group age of Equisetum is mid-Paleogene, although fossils with possible crown synapomorphies appear in the Triassic. The most widely circulated hypothesis states that the lineage of Equisetum derives from calamitaceans, but no comprehensive phylogenetic studies support the claim. Using a combined approach, we provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Equisetales, with special emphasis on the origin of genus Equisetum. We performed parsimony phylogenetic analyses to address relationships of 43 equisetalean species (15 extant, 28 extinct) using a combination of morphological and molecular characters. We recovered Equisetaceae + Neocalamites as sister to Calamitaceae + a clade of Angaran and Gondwanan horsetails, with the four groups forming a clade that is sister to Archaeocalamitaceae. The estimated age for the Equisetum crown group is mid-Mesozoic. Modern horsetails are not nested within calamitaceans; instead, both groups have explored independent evolutionary trajectories sinc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 17, 2018·American Journal of Botany·Gar W RothwellAlexandru M F Tomescu
Oct 31, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·James W ClarkPhilip C J Donoghue
May 23, 2019·Phytochemical Analysis : PCA·Isabel TipkeTill Beuerle
Jul 7, 2020·Applications in Plant Sciences·Kathleen M PryerMichael D Windham
Apr 19, 2021·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Jovani B S PereiraGuilherme Oliveira
May 1, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Denisa Batir-MarinMonica Hancianu

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