Origins of the Xylella fastidiosa prophage-like regions and their impact in genome differentiation.

PloS One
Alessandro de Mello VaraniMarie-Anne Van Sluys

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram negative plant pathogen causing many economically important diseases, and analyses of completely sequenced X. fastidiosa genome strains allowed the identification of many prophage-like elements and possibly phage remnants, accounting for up to 15% of the genome composition. To better evaluate the recent evolution of the X. fastidiosa chromosome backbone among distinct pathovars, the number and location of prophage-like regions on two finished genomes (9a5c and Temecula1), and in two candidate molecules (Ann1 and Dixon) were assessed. Based on comparative best bidirectional hit analyses, the majority (51%) of the predicted genes in the X. fastidiosa prophage-like regions are related to structural phage genes belonging to the Siphoviridae family. Electron micrograph reveals the existence of putative viral particles with similar morphology to lambda phages in the bacterial cell in planta. Moreover, analysis of microarray data indicates that 9a5c strain cultivated under stress conditions presents enhanced expression of phage anti-repressor genes, suggesting switches from lysogenic to lytic cycle of phages under stress-induced situations. Furthermore, virulence-associated proteins and toxins are found wi...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE8493
GSE3044
GSE4960
GSE4161

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

MEGA4 ( Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis )
CLUSTALW
BLAST
PHYLIP
R Project for Statistical Computing
SABIA Comparative
BlastX
PERL
tRNAscan
EMBOSS

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