Orthographic processing deficits in developmental dyslexia: Beyond the ventral visual stream

NeuroImage
Marianna BorosJohannes C Ziegler

Abstract

Fast effortless reading has been associated with the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region in the ventral visual stream that specializes in the recognition of letter strings. Several neuroimaging studies of dyslexia revealed an underactivation of this region. However, most of these studies used reading tasks and/or were carried out on adults. Given that fluent reading is severely impaired in dyslexics, any underactivation might simply reflect a well-established reading deficit in impaired readers and could be the consequence rather than the cause of dyslexia. Here, we designed a task that does not rely on reading per se but that tapped early visual orthographic processing that forms the basis of reading. Dyslexic children aged 8-12years and age-matched controls were asked to search for letters, digits, and symbols in 5-element strings (Experiment 1). This novel task was complemented by a classic task known to activate the VWFA, namely the passive viewing of pseudowords and falsefonts (Experiment 2). We found that in addition to significant group differences in the VWFA, dyslexic children showed a significant underactivation of the middle occipital gyrus (MOG) relative to the control group. Several areas in the MOG are known fo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 27, 2016·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·Jonathan GraingerJohannes C Ziegler
Jul 12, 2017·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Katarzyna ChylKatarzyna Jednoróg
Mar 3, 2018·Current Developmental Disorders Reports·Lisa Kronbichler, Martin Kronbichler
Apr 3, 2019·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience·Zhiheng ZhouLars Strother
Mar 22, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Ana Pina RodriguesMiguel Castelo-Branco
Aug 31, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Jeremy M LawMaaike Vandermosten
Dec 19, 2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Magdalena ŁuniewskaKatarzyna Jednoróg
Mar 7, 2020·Scientific Reports·Marianna BorosAttila Andics

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