Osmolarity of prevalent eye drops, side effects, and therapeutic approaches

Cornea
Ralf M DutescuNorbert F Schrage

Abstract

Little is known about how the osmolarity of ophthalmic formulations affects the ocular surface. Because hyperosmolar eye drops could be therapeutic for treating corneal edema, this article presents an ex vivo model of corneal edema for testing ophthalmic drugs based on their osmolarity. The respective osmolarity of common eye drops found in the German market is also analyzed here. For modeling corneal edema, an Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test was used to simulate an ocular anterior chamber with a physiological corneal barrier. To induce corneal edema, the anterior chamber was supplied with a hypoosmolar medium (148 mOsm/L) for 24 hours. Preserved and preservative-free 5% sodium chloride (hyperosmolar Omnisorb and Ocusalin 5% UD) were used for 1 hour, on 5 corneas each, to test their efficiency to reduce corneal edema in this model. Corneal thickness was determined by optical coherence tomography. Osmolarity of 87 common eye drops was measured by freezing point osmometry. Ex vivo, the tested hypoosmolar condition induced corneal edema from 450 μm (±50 μm) at baseline to 851 μm (±94 μm, P < 0.0001). Omnisorb and Ocusalin 5% UD significantly reduced the corneal thickness by 279 μm (±28 μm, P < 0.001) for Omnisorb and 258 μm (±29 μm, P...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2017·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Etty BittonStéphanie Charette
Apr 21, 2020·Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics·Meltem Ezgi DurgunYıldız Özsoy
Jun 5, 2020·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Sachin S ThakurIlva D Rupenthal
Jan 1, 2021·Pharmaceutics·N ToffolettoA P Serro
May 22, 2020·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·Stephan Ong ToneUla V Jurkunas
Jan 28, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Xurxo García-OteroFrancisco J Otero-Espinar
Feb 12, 2021·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Moutaz Y BadrIjeoma F Uchegbu
Jan 21, 2021·Cornea·Shing-Chuen Chow, Jonathan Cheuk-Hung Chan
Apr 9, 2021·Drug Delivery and Translational Research·Meltem Ezgi DurgunYıldız Özsoy

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